Ikigai Daily
Menu
Nicholas Winton, wearing glasses and a suit, sits with his hands clasped.
WonderStory

In 1939, Nicholas Winton helped organise the rescue of 669 children, most of them Jewish, from Czechoslovakia to Britain. He worked from London, finding foster families and raising money while others organised departures in Prague. Each child needed somewhere to live and a financial guarantee.

Historical account — United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Holocaust Memorial Day Trust with Barbara Winton

History

The story behind the card

Winton, then a young London stockbroker, said almost nothing about the rescue for nearly fifty years. In 1988 his wife, Grete, found a scrapbook in their attic listing the children, their parents and the British families who had taken them in. Winton gave it to the Holocaust researcher Elisabeth Maxwell, and the story reached the BBC programme That's Life! Sitting in the studio audience, he learned that the people around him were children he had saved, now grown up. His transports ran alongside the larger Kindertransport from Germany and Austria. Winton was knighted in 2003, received the Czech Republic's highest honour in 2014 and died in 2015, aged 106.

Türkçe oku
Nicholas Winton, 1939'da çoğu Yahudi 669 çocuğun Çekoslovakya'dan İngiltere'ye getirilmesini örgütlemeye yardım etti. Başkaları Prag'da yolculukları düzenlerken o Londra'da çocuklara aile ve para buluyordu. Her çocuk için kalacak bir yer ve mali güvence gerekiyordu.

O yıllarda Londra'da genç bir borsacı olan Winton, bu kurtarma işinden neredeyse elli yıl boyunca kimseye söz etmedi. 1988'de eşi Grete, tavan arasında bir albüm buldu: İçinde çocukların, anne babalarının ve onları yanına alan İngiliz ailelerin listeleri vardı. Winton albümü Holokost araştırmacısı Elisabeth Maxwell'e verdi; hikâye BBC'nin That's Life! programına ulaştı. Winton stüdyoda seyirciler arasında otururken, çevresindeki insanların bir zamanlar kurtardığı, artık yetişkin olmuş çocuklar olduğunu öğrendi. Onun düzenlediği yolculuklar, Almanya ve Avusturya'dan çocukları çıkaran daha büyük Kindertransport ile aynı dönemde yapıldı. Winton 2003'te şövalye ilan edildi, 2014'te Çek Cumhuriyeti'nin en yüksek nişanını aldı ve 2015'te 106 yaşında öldü.

Sources and further reading

Image details

Nicholas Winton at Prague Castle, 10 October 2007.

“Nicholas Winton in Prague” — Li-sung, 2007, via Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 3.0.

Image source · CC BY-SA 3.0

Resized.
Background reading: Nicholas Winton
Get the mobile appAbout our cards

Related cards

These cards share a subject or reading mode with the card above.

WonderHistory

The Great Pyramid of Giza was built for the pharaoh Khufu around 2600 BC. When the Greek historian Herodotus wrote about it, around 450 BC, it was already more than 2,000 years old.

The pyramid was the tomb of Khufu, whom the Greeks called Cheops, a king of Egypt's Fourth Dynasty. Herodotus, who visited Egypt around 450 BC, was told that 100,000 men had worked on it in three-month shifts: ten years to build the causeway for hauling the stone, and twenty for the pyramid itself. He even reports an inscription recording what was spent on radishes, onions and garlic for the workers. Modern digs tell a different story. Workers' settlements at Giza, and a workers' cemetery found there in 1990, point to thousands of conscripted labourers rather than slaves. In 2013, at Wadi al-Jarf on the Red Sea coast, archaeologists found the Diary of Merer, the logbook of an inspector whose crew of about 40 men shipped limestone from the Tura quarries to Giza. It is the oldest known papyrus with writing on it.

Ikigai DailyRead card
WonderHistory

Woolly mammoths survived on Wrangel Island, in the Arctic Ocean off north-eastern Siberia, until about 4,000 years ago. By then Egypt's Great Pyramid had already stood for several centuries.

On the mainland, the last woolly mammoths died out around 10,000 years ago, as the Ice Age ended and the cold grasslands they lived on shrank. Two island populations held on much longer: one on St Paul Island in Alaska until about 5,600 years ago, and one on Wrangel Island until about 4,000 years ago, around 2000 BC. Rising seas had cut Wrangel off from Siberia, leaving some 300 to 1,000 animals alone there for thousands of years. These dates come from radiocarbon dating of bones and tusks, which measures how much of a slowly decaying form of carbon is left in them. Genetic studies show that the population was inbred but stayed stable for thousands of years, so its end seems to have come suddenly. What finally killed the last mammoths is still unknown.

Ikigai DailyRead card
WonderHistory

Oxford was teaching students more than three centuries before the Aztec Empire existed. Teaching there is recorded from 1096; the empire began around 1428, when three city-states in the Valley of Mexico, Tenochtitlan, Texcoco and Tlacopan, joined forces as the Triple Alliance.

Oxford has no founding date. There is evidence of teaching there in some form by 1096, and it grew quickly after 1167, when Henry II barred English students from the University of Paris. In 1209, after clashes with the townspeople, some scholars left for Cambridge and started the university there. The popular claim that Oxford is older than the Aztecs usually uses 1325, the year the Mexica people founded Tenochtitlan on an island in Lake Texcoco, where Mexico City stands today. But the Mexica became an imperial power only in 1428, when, together with Texcoco and Tlacopan, they defeated Azcapotzalco, the city that had dominated the valley. The empire lasted less than a century: Hernán Cortés and his Indigenous allies took Tenochtitlan in 1521.

Ikigai DailyRead card
WonderHistory

In AD 476 the Germanic general Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustulus, the last emperor in the West. The Eastern Roman Empire, ruled from Constantinople, lasted almost a thousand years longer, until the Ottomans took the city in 1453.

Romulus Augustulus was a boy, put on the throne by his father, the general Orestes, and he reigned for only ten months. Odoacer did not name a new emperor. He made himself king of Italy and sent the symbols of the western emperor's office to Emperor Zeno in Constantinople, as if to say that one emperor, in the East, was now enough. The eastern empire kept Roman law and government, and its people called themselves Romans (Rhomaioi) to the end; the name “Byzantine Empire” came into wide use only after it had fallen. Its neighbours saw it the same way. Arabs and Turks called its people Rum, “Romans”, and the Ottoman name for the Balkans, Rumeli, “land of the Romans”, comes from the same word. The army of Mehmed II took Constantinople on 29 May 1453.

Ikigai DailyRead card
WonderHistory

Around 1259 BC, Ramesses II of Egypt and the Hittite king Hattusili III made peace after generations of rivalry over Syria. Egypt carved its copy on temple walls, the Hittites kept theirs on clay tablets, and both survive.

The rivalry peaked in 1274 BC at the Battle of Kadesh, on the Orontes River in today's Syria, where neither side won outright. About fifteen years later came the treaty, sometimes called the Treaty of Kadesh, although it never mentions the battle. Both kings promised not to attack each other, to help each other against outside enemies and rebels, and to hand back each other's political refugees. The Egyptian version is carved in hieroglyphs at Karnak and the Ramesseum in Thebes. The Hittite version, written in Akkadian, the diplomatic language of the day, was found in 1906 at Hattusa, the Hittite capital, near today's Boğazkale in Çorum province. Two of its tablets are in the Istanbul Archaeology Museums, and a copy hangs at United Nations headquarters in New York.

Ikigai DailyRead card
Next card in the archiveOn 2 March 1955, fifteen-year-old Claudette Colvin refused to give up her bus seat for a white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama. Police removed and arrested her. Nine months before Rosa Parks's protest, Colvin had already challenged the same system of racial segregation.Read next →