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The phrase ‘the pen is mightier than the sword’ was coined by the English writer Edward Bulwer-Lytton for his 1839 play Richelieu, where the French cardinal says it. The idea that words beat weapons is far older, but this wording is his, and within a few years it had become a stock saying.

The play Richelieu, 1839

HistoryLanguage

The story behind the card

Richelieu; Or the Conspiracy opened at the Covent Garden Theatre in London on 7 March 1839, with the famous actor William Charles Macready as Cardinal Richelieu, chief minister to King Louis XIII of France. In Act 2 the cardinal says that under the rule of truly great men the pen is mightier than the sword: in a master's hand it can stop emperors in their tracks, and a state can be saved without any sword at all. Others had said something similar long before. A copy of the teachings of the Assyrian sage Ahiqar from about 500 BC says that the word is mightier than the sword, and a line in Shakespeare's Hamlet says that many who wear swords are afraid of goose-quill pens. Bulwer-Lytton (1803–1873) also gave English ‘the great unwashed’, a sneering name for the masses, and the novel opening ‘It was a dark and stormy night’.

Türkçe oku
“Kalem kılıçtan güçlüdür” sözünü, İngiliz yazar Edward Bulwer-Lytton 1839'da yazdığı Richelieu oyunu için buldu; oyunda bu sözü Fransız kardinal söyler. Sözcüklerin silahtan güçlü olduğu düşüncesi çok daha eskidir, ama onu bu kalıba döken ilk kişi Bulwer-Lytton'dır ve söz birkaç yıl içinde dilden dile dolaşmaya başladı.
Richelieu adlı oyun, 1839

Bulwer-Lytton'ın Richelieu ya da Komplo adlı oyunu, 7 Mart 1839'da Londra'daki Covent Garden Tiyatrosu'nda sahnelendi. Fransa Kralı XIII. Louis'nin başbakanı Kardinal Richelieu'yü dönemin ünlü oyuncusu William Charles Macready canlandırıyordu. İkinci perdede kardinal, gerçekten büyük insanların yönetiminde kalemin kılıçtan güçlü olduğunu söyler: Usta bir elde kalem imparatorları bile durdurabilir, bir devlet kılıca hiç başvurmadan kurtarılabilir. Benzer düşünceyi çok daha önce dile getirenler de olmuştu. Asurlu bilge Ahikar'ın öğütleri de aynı şeyi söyler: Bu öğütlerin MÖ 500 dolaylarından kalma bir kopyasında “Söz kılıçtan güçlüdür” yazar. Shakespeare'in Hamlet'inde de kılıç kuşanan pek çok kişinin kaz tüyü kalemlerden korktuğu söylenir. Türkçede bu söz “Kalem kılıçtan keskindir” biçimiyle de bilinir. Bulwer-Lytton (1803-1873), halk yığınlarını küçümseyen “the great unwashed” (yıkanmamış kalabalık) deyimini ve “Karanlık ve fırtınalı bir geceydi” diye başlayan ünlü roman girişini de İngilizceye kazandırdı.

Sources and further reading

Background reading: The pen is mightier than the sword
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