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Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, finished in 537 as the cathedral of Constantinople, has one of the most influential interiors in architecture. Its great dome rests on pendentives, curved triangles of masonry that let a round dome sit on a square plan, and 40 windows around its base fill it with light.

Constantinople, AD 537

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The story behind the card

Emperor Justinian I ordered the church after riots in 532 burned down its predecessor. Two scholars, Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus, both skilled in mathematics and mechanics, designed it, and it was finished in under six years. The dome is about 31 metres across and its crown rises some 55 metres above the floor. The historian Procopius wrote that it seemed not to rest on masonry but to hang from heaven on a golden chain. Earthquakes brought part of the first dome down in 558, and it was rebuilt higher and steeper. The building was a cathedral for over 900 years, a mosque after the Ottoman conquest of 1453 and a museum from 1934, and it has been a mosque again since 2020.

Türkçe oku
İstanbul'da 537'de Konstantinopolis'in katedrali olarak tamamlanan Ayasofya, mimarlık tarihinin en etkili iç mekânlarından birine sahiptir. Büyük kubbesi, yuvarlak bir kubbenin kare bir plana oturmasını sağlayan pandantiflere, yani kavisli üçgen duvar parçalarına dayanır; kubbenin eteğindeki 40 pencere içeriyi ışıkla doldurur.
Konstantinopolis, MS 537

İmparator I. Justinianus, 532'deki ayaklanmada eski kilise yanınca yenisini yaptırdı. Tasarımı, matematik ve mekanikte usta iki bilgin, Trallesli Anthemios ile Miletli İsidoros üstlendi; yapı altı yıldan kısa bir sürede bitirildi. Kubbenin çapı 31 metre kadardır, tepesi zeminden 55 metreye yükselir. Tarihçi Prokopios, kubbenin taş duvarlara oturmadığını, gökten altın bir zincirle sarkıtılmış gibi durduğunu yazmıştı. 558'deki depremlerde ilk kubbenin bir bölümü çöktü; yerine daha yüksek ve daha dik bir kubbe yapıldı. Yapı 900 yılı aşkın süre katedral olarak kullanıldı; 1453'teki Osmanlı fethinden sonra camiye, 1934'te müzeye dönüştürüldü ve 2020'den bu yana yeniden camidir.

Sources and further reading

Background reading: Hagia Sophia
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