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WonderRock-cut architecture fact

The eleven churches of Lalibela in northern Ethiopia were carved out of solid volcanic rock in the Middle Ages, each shaped from the top down inside deep trenches, and they are still a place of pilgrimage for Ethiopian Christians.

Lalibela, Ethiopia, c. 12th–13th century

ArchitectureEngineeringCultureHistoryReligion & Belief

The story behind the card

Tradition credits the churches to King Gebre Meskel Lalibela of the Zagwe dynasty, who reigned around the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries; archaeologists think some parts are older, and the building sequence is still debated. Legend says he meant the site as a new Jerusalem after Saladin captured Jerusalem in 1187, and many places there carry biblical names, such as a stream called the Jordan. Masons first cut trenches to free a block of rock, then hollowed out rooms, columns, windows and doors from it; the most famous church, Bete Giyorgis, is shaped like a cross when seen from above. Tunnels link the churches, which are still in daily use. UNESCO listed them as a World Heritage Site in 1978.

Türkçe oku
Kuzey Etiyopya'daki Lalibela'nın on bir kilisesi, Orta Çağ'da tek parça volkanik kayadan oyuldu. Her biri derin hendeklerin içinde yukarıdan aşağıya biçimlendirildi; kiliseler bugün de Etiyopyalı Hristiyanların hac yeridir.
Lalibela, Etiyopya, 12.–13. yüzyıl

Gelenek, kiliseleri 12. yüzyılın sonu ile 13. yüzyılın başında hüküm süren Zagwe hanedanından Kral Gebre Meskel Lalibela'ya bağlar; arkeologlara göre bazı bölümler daha eskidir ve yapım sırası hâlâ tartışılıyor. Efsaneye göre kral, Selahaddin Eyyubi'nin 1187'de Kudüs'ü almasından sonra burayı yeni bir Kudüs olarak tasarladı. Bölgedeki pek çok yer, adını Ürdün Nehri'nden alan bir dere gibi, Kutsal Kitap'tan gelen adlar taşır. Ustalar önce hendek kazarak bir kaya bloğunu çevresinden ayırdı, sonra odaları, sütunları, pencereleri ve kapıları bu bloğun içinden oydu. En ünlü kilise olan Bete Giyorgis, yukarıdan bakıldığında haç biçimindedir. Tünellerle birbirine bağlanan kiliseler bugün de her gün kullanılıyor. UNESCO, kiliseleri 1978'de Dünya Mirası Listesi'ne aldı.

Sources and further reading

Background reading: Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela
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