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Ocean

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Q2011
WonderOcean

Thousands of autonomous Argo floats repeatedly descend and rise through the ocean, measuring temperature, salinity and pressure before surfacing to transmit open data by satellite.

A typical Core Argo float drifts deep for days, sinks towards about 2,000 metres, then profiles the water as it rises. At the surface it sends measurements and position to satellites before diving again, usually completing a cycle in roughly ten days. Distributed across the world's oceans, the fleet has turned vast, rarely visited water into a continuously renewed climate record available to everyone.

Q2034
DriveHistory

Ernest Shackleton's Endurance was crushed by pack ice and sank in 1915. After months camped on drifting floes and an 800-mile open-boat crossing to fetch help, every one of the 28 men survived. In 2022, the wreck was found — almost intact.

The escape remains a masterclass in leadership: ice camps through the polar winter, three lifeboats to Elephant Island, then Shackleton's crossing to South Georgia in the tiny James Caird and a mountain traverse to reach a whaling station; the last men were rescued in August 1916. On 5 March 2022 — a century, to the day, after Shackleton's burial — a search team found Endurance 3,008 metres down in the Weddell Sea, upright and preserved, her name still bright across the stern.