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Buzz Aldrin stands on the Moon; the lunar module and Neil Armstrong are reflected in his visor.
WonderFact

When Neil Armstrong radioed “Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed” on 20 July 1969, his words reached Earth about 1.3 seconds later. Radio waves travel at the speed of light, and the Moon is about 384,000 km (239,000 miles) away.

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Eagle was the lunar module that carried Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin down to the surface. Light, and so radio, travels at almost 300,000 km per second. At the Moon's average distance of about 384,400 km, a signal takes roughly 1.28 seconds each way, so every exchange with Mission Control in Houston had a built-in pause of about 2.6 seconds before an answer could arrive. Large dish antennas at Goldstone in California and at Honeysuckle Creek and Parkes in Australia picked up the signals; the clearest pictures of the first steps came through Australia and were watched live by an estimated 600 million people. Before leaving, the crew set up a panel of reflectors on the surface. Scientists still fire lasers at it and time the light's return, which is how we know the Moon is drifting away from Earth by about 3.8 cm a year.

Türkçe oku
Neil Armstrong 20 Temmuz 1969'da Ay'dan telsizle “Houston, burası Sükûnet Üssü. Kartal indi” dediğinde, sesi Dünya'ya yaklaşık 1,3 saniye sonra ulaştı. Radyo dalgaları ışık hızıyla yol alır, Ay ise Dünya'dan yaklaşık 384.000 km uzaktadır.

Kartal, Armstrong ile Buzz Aldrin'i Ay yüzeyine indiren Ay modülünün adıydı. Işık, dolayısıyla radyo dalgaları da saniyede 300.000 km'ye yakın yol alır. Ay'ın ortalama uzaklığı 384.400 km kadar olduğu için sinyalin bir yöne gitmesi yaklaşık 1,28 saniye sürer. Bu yüzden Houston'daki Görev Kontrol Merkezi'yle yapılan konuşmalarda her cevap, kaçınılmaz olarak 2,6 saniye kadar gecikmeyle geliyordu. Sinyalleri Kaliforniya'daki Goldstone ile Avustralya'daki Honeysuckle Creek ve Parkes istasyonlarının dev çanak antenleri aldı. İlk adımların en net televizyon görüntüleri Avustralya'dan geldi ve yayını tahminen 600 milyon kişi canlı izledi. Astronotlar Ay'dan ayrılmadan önce yüzeye, ışığı geldiği yöne geri yansıtan bir panel yerleştirdi. Bilim insanları bugün de bu panele lazer gönderip ışığın dönüş süresini ölçüyor; Ay'ın Dünya'dan her yıl yaklaşık 3,8 cm uzaklaştığını bu ölçümler sayesinde biliyoruz.

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Image details

Buzz Aldrin on the Moon, photographed by Neil Armstrong during Apollo 11, 20 July 1969.

Neil A. Armstrong / NASA, 1969. Public domain.

Image source · Public domain

Cropped source version.
Background reading: Apollo 11
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