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A corroded green and brown bronze fragment with a large raised circular ring, held upright by a clear acrylic mount in a dark museum display; the top of the fragment is cut off by the edge of the frame.
WonderFact

The Antikythera mechanism, an ancient Greek geared device probably made in the 2nd century BC, had a spiral dial covering 223 lunar months for predicting eclipses. Symbols on the dial marked the months when an eclipse of the Sun or Moon was expected, and inscriptions gave details such as the hour.

Antikythera Mechanism Research Project / Nature

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The story behind the card

Sponge divers found the mechanism in 1901, a corroded lump among treasures from a Roman-era ship that sank off the Greek island of Antikythera around 70 to 60 BC. Its hand-turned bronze gears modelled the movements of the Sun and Moon, and it is called the oldest known analogue computer, a machine that calculates with moving parts rather than digits. The eclipse dial follows the Saros cycle: after 223 lunar months (new moon to new moon), about 18 years and 11 days, the Sun, Earth and Moon return to almost the same positions, so eclipses repeat in a similar pattern. Symbols in 51 of the dial's cells mark 38 lunar and 27 solar eclipses. Much of this was read only in the 2000s, when researchers including Mike Edmunds and Tony Freeth used X-ray scans to see inside the fragments. The front, which probably showed the planets, is largely lost.

Türkçe oku
Antikitera düzeneği, büyük olasılıkla MÖ 2. yüzyılda yapılmış, dişlilerle çalışan bir Yunan aygıtıdır. Tutulmaları önceden bildirmek için 223 kamerî ayı kapsayan sarmal bir kadranı vardı: Kadrandaki işaretler Güneş ya da Ay tutulması beklenen ayları gösteriyor, yazıtlar da tutulmanın saati gibi ayrıntıları veriyordu.

Düzenek 1901'de bulundu. Süngerciler, Yunanistan'ın Antikitera adası açıklarında Roma döneminden kalma bir batıktan pek çok eser çıkarmıştı; aşınıp kabuk bağlamış bu yığın da onların arasındaydı. Gemi MÖ 70–60 dolaylarında batmıştı. Elle çevrilen bronz dişlileri Güneş'in ve Ay'ın hareketlerini gösteriyordu. Bu yüzden bilinen en eski analog bilgisayar, yani rakamlarla değil hareketli parçalarla hesap yapan bir makine sayılır. Tutulma kadranı Saros döngüsüne dayanır: 223 kamerî ay, yani yaklaşık 18 yıl 11 gün sonra Güneş, Dünya ve Ay hemen hemen aynı konuma döner ve tutulmalar benzer bir düzenle yinelenir. Kamerî ay, bir yeni aydan ötekine kadar geçen süredir. Kadrandaki 51 bölmede yer alan işaretler 38 Ay ve 27 Güneş tutulmasını gösterir. Bunların çoğu ancak 2000'lerde, aralarında Mike Edmunds ve Tony Freeth'in de bulunduğu araştırmacılar parçaların içini röntgen taramalarıyla görüntüleyince okunabildi. Muhtemelen gezegenleri gösteren ön yüz ise büyük ölçüde kayıptır.

Sources and further reading

Image details

Detail of a surviving fragment of the Antikythera mechanism, National Archaeological Museum, Athens, March 2013.

Photo: Juanxi, 2013, via Wikimedia Commons. Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Image source · CC BY-SA 3.0

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Background reading: Antikythera mechanism
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