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Q1119Widely attributed to Confucius, but not found in the Analects; the wording is modern. The Analects does teach the substance, though — Confucius praised steady effort and warned against those who quit halfway: 'It is like building a mound; if I stop one basketful short, it is I who stopped.' Persistence, not pace, is the Confucian virtue here.
Q1120Authentic in substance: in the Analects (2.17) Confucius tells a disciple, 'When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it — this is knowledge.' The modern wording tightens the original. It remains the best one-line defence against the most expensive of errors: confident ignorance.
Q1121Widely attributed to Confucius, but not found in the Analects; it is closer to the old Chinese parable of the 'foolish old man who moved the mountains', told by the Taoist philosopher Liezi. Whatever its route into English, the engineering is sound: scale defeats imagination but not arithmetic — mountains do move, one stone at a time.
Q1122Authentic Seneca: from Letter 13 of his Letters to Lucilius (c. AD 64), written in his final years. The full passage runs: 'There are more things likely to frighten us than to crush us; we suffer more often in imagination than in reality.' His advice in the same letter is startlingly modern — do not be unhappy before the crisis, since the feared event may never arrive.
Q1124Authentic Seneca: from Letter 77 of the Letters to Lucilius, written as consolation about death. 'As is a tale, so is life: not how long it is, but how good it is, is what matters.' A play, he says elsewhere, is judged by its performance, not its length. Seneca was forced by Nero to take his own life within a year of writing it — the letter reads differently once you know.
Q1125This comes from Epictetus's Enchiridion, a compact Stoic handbook. Its practical frame is control: separate what is yours to choose from what is only yours to meet. Epictetus (c. 50–135 AD) was a Stoic philosopher born into slavery, who taught that we cannot control events, only our response to them.
Q1126A modern paraphrase of the most famous sentence in Epictetus's Enchiridion (5): 'People are disturbed not by things, but by the views they take of them.' Born a slave, later Rome's most influential Stoic teacher, Epictetus built everything on one division: events are not up to us; judgements are. Modern cognitive-behavioural therapy openly credits him as an ancestor.
Q1127Preserved among the fragments attributed to Epictetus by later ancient authors, so the wording is traditional rather than certain. The thought is bedrock Stoicism: a person commanded by their own appetites and fears has merely changed masters. Freedom, for Epictetus — who had been literally enslaved — begins with self-command, not circumstances.
Q1128The river doctrine of Heraclitus (c. 535–475 BC), reported by Plato in the Cratylus (402a): everything gives way and nothing stays, and 'you could not step twice into the same river.' Heraclitus's own surviving fragment is subtler — other and other waters flow onto those who step in. Either way the physics is honest: the river is real, and so is its refusal to be the same twice.
Q1130A modern paraphrase of the opening verses of the Dhammapada, the best-loved anthology of the Buddha's teaching: all experience is preceded by mind, led by mind, made by mind. Speak or act with a corrupted mind, trouble follows; with a clear one, ease follows 'like a never-departing shadow.' The paraphrase is looser than the scripture — but faithful to its claim.
Q1131Widely attributed to the Buddha, but found in no Buddhist scripture; quote researchers class it as a 20th-century creation. Buddhist canon does contain a related genuine saying — that three things cannot remain hidden for long: the moon, the sun, and the truth proclaimed by a Tathagata. The internet version simplified the cast and kept the optimism.
Q1132Widely attributed to the Buddha, but absent from the early scriptures; the phrasing is modern. The direction of the thought is authentically Buddhist all the same: the tradition consistently locates both suffering and its end in the mind's own workings, not in rearranging the world. Peace, on this view, is grown, not found.
Q1133Attributed to Leonardo da Vinci and consistent with sentiments in his notebooks (he wrote that 'iron rusts from disuse… even so does inaction sap the vigour of the mind'), though this English sentence is not a direct notebook translation. Leonardo filled over 7,000 surviving pages with questions — anatomy, water, optics, flight — and treated curiosity as inexhaustible fuel rather than a phase of youth.
Q1134Not found in Leonardo's notebooks: the attribution is modern, popularised in the 20th century (it appeared in advertising and was famously adopted in early Apple marketing). Leonardo's authentic work does argue the idea, though — his studies pare complex machines and bodies down to clean principles. Simplicity as the far side of mastery, not the near side of laziness.
Q1135Not Leonardo's: the sentence is a modern adaptation of the French poet Paul Valéry's remark that a poem is never finished, only abandoned (1933). It attached itself to Leonardo because his life seemed to prove it — he left the Adoration of the Magi unfinished, reworked the Mona Lisa for years and carried it with him until death. Wrong name, right patron saint.
Q1136Widely attributed to Michelangelo, but no source in his letters or poems — or in early biographies — has ever been produced; it likely acquired his name in the 20th century. The warning itself is a fine one: missed high aims still stretch us, while achieved low ones quietly set the ceiling. Michelangelo's actual habit — accepting the Sistine ceiling with no fresco experience — makes him a fair mascot.
Q1137A beloved legend rather than a documented quotation: no version appears in Michelangelo's writings, and the story grew through 19th-century retellings. His authentic poems do contain the germ — he wrote that the greatest artist has no concept the marble does not already contain within itself. The sculptor's task, in both versions, is not adding but revealing.
Q1138The most famous words Galileo probably never said: 'Eppur si muove' first appears in print in 1757, over a century after his 1633 trial, where legend claims he muttered it after being forced to recant that the Earth moves. No contemporary account records it. The legend survives because it compresses a truth: recantation extracted by force changes the man's words, not the planet's orbit.
Q1139Not found in Galileo's writings: historians trace the slogan to later summaries of his method (the mathematician Hermann Weyl quoted it as a paraphrase in 1927). It compresses what Galileo genuinely did — timing balls on ramps with water clocks, turning quality into quantity. Modern science lives inside this sentence, whoever wrote it.
Q1140This comes from Newton's 1676 letter to Robert Hooke. In context, the famous 'shoulders of giants' image is about inherited knowledge, rivalry, humility, and the long chain of discovery. Isaac Newton (1643–1727) was an English physicist and mathematician whose laws of motion and gravity founded classical physics.
Q1141Attached to Isaac Newton by long tradition: after losing a fortune in the South Sea Bubble of 1720, he is said to have remarked that he could calculate the motions of heavenly bodies, but not the madness of people. The story surfaces decades later in anecdote collections, so historians treat it cautiously. True or polished, it records something real: Newton did lose about £20,000 — and markets still humble physicists.
Q1142This comes from Descartes's Discourse on the Method. The source context is methodical doubt: remove shaky assumptions until thought finds a firmer starting point. René Descartes (1596–1650) was a French philosopher and mathematician, a father of modern philosophy, famous for 'I think, therefore I am.'
Q1143Not Descartes's wording, though it fairly labels his method. In the Meditations (1641) and the Discourse on Method (1637), Descartes systematically doubted everything that could be doubted — senses, mathematics, the world itself — until he hit the one indubitable fact: doubting is thinking, and thinking proves a thinker. Doubt, used as an instrument rather than a mood, became modern philosophy's founding tool.
Q1144Widely attributed to Voltaire, but not found in his works; researchers class it as a modern saying sheltering under his name. It would not have embarrassed him: Voltaire's whole career — from Candide to his campaigns against injustice — was an argument that the quality of a mind shows in what it asks, since answers can be borrowed but questions reveal where thinking actually lives.
